Chipko movement

 

Question: Chipko movement

The Chipko Movement, a landmark environmental campaign in India, emerged in the 1970s as a non-violent protest against deforestation in the Himalayan region, symbolizing grassroots resistance to ecological destruction and inspiring global eco-activism. Originating in Uttarakhand, it highlighted the interdependence of communities and forests, led by local leaders who embraced Gandhian principles. In conclusion, Chipko not only halted immediate threats but also influenced national policies, underscoring the power of community-driven conservation.

Origins and Key Events                          www.osmanian.com

The movement began in 1973 in Mandal village, Chamoli district, when villagers, organized by Chandi Prasad Bhatt of the Dasholi Gram Swarajya Mandal founded in 1964, prevented tree felling by contractors. The term "Chipko," meaning "hug," was coined as women embraced trees to block axes. A pivotal moment occurred on March 26, 1974, in Reni village, where Gaura Devi and 27 women confronted loggers during men's absence, halting operations and drawing national attention. Sunderlal Bahuguna, joining in 1974, amplified the cause through a 4,800-kilometer trans-Himalayan march from 1981 to 1983, raising awareness about floods and landslides caused by deforestation since the 1960s.

Ideology and Strategies

Rooted in Gandhian non-violence and sarvodaya, Chipko emphasized sustainable development and women's roles in resource management. Strategies included tree-hugging, rallies, and folk songs, with Bhatt promoting alternative livelihoods like beekeeping. The movement critiqued commercial logging policies under the 1927 Indian Forest Act, advocating community control.

Impacts and Legacy

Chipko led to a 1981 ban on tree felling above 1,000 meters by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, influencing the 1988 National Forest Policy. It inspired similar actions, like the 1983 Appiko Movement in Karnataka, and global recognition, with Bahuguna receiving the 1987 Right Livelihood Award. However, challenges persisted, with partial logging resumptions in the 1990s.