What is Industrial Revolution? What are the reasons for Industrial Revolution? Write about the growth of Industrial Revolution?

 

Question: What is Industrial Revolution? What are the reasons for Industrial Revolution?

Write about the growth of Industrial Revolution?

Ans: The revolutionary changed that took place in 18^th century, in the usage of industrial infrastructure in industrial sector are called Industrial Revolution. In 18^th century, production of goods and transport sectors rapids advancements were seen. This rapid advancement is called Industrial Revolution.

France gave birth to Political Revolutions; Whereas England gave birth to Industrial Revolution.

 Reasons for Industrial Revolution in England

1. Iron and coal were abundantly available in England. England also had suitable climatic conditions for the textile industry. Natural streams pedaled the machines of textile and other industries.

2. Labourers migrated to England seeking employment.

3. England had control over sea routes and efficient banking system.

4. England was having the countries like America and  India, which were rich in natural resources, as its colonies. These colonies provided raw material to England factories.

Growth of Industrial Revolution:

1. Textile Industry: Industrial Revolution was started first in Textile industry.

John Kay invented Flying Shuttle in 1733.  

James Hargreaves invented Spinning Frame in 1764. This facilitated spinning more cotton.

Richard Arkwright invented ‘Water Frame’ in 1769. It was propelled by water.

Samuel Crompton further developed Arkwright’s Water Spinning Frame and invented Spinning Mule in 1779. Spinning mule had multiple spindles.

Eli Whitney invented Cotton Ginning Machine in 1794. It greatly speeded up the separation of cotton seeds from cotton.

With the invention of Power Loom by Edmund Cartwright in the year 1785, industrialization in Textile industry was speeded up. 

2. Steam Engine:

1712 - Thomas Newcomen invented Steam Engine.

1769 – James Watt further developed Newcomen Steam Engine and invented a perfect Steam Engine.

 

Transport:

1811- Scottish Engineers Thomas Telford and John Loudon Mc. Adam first started laying Gravel Roads. From 1811 onwards roads construction was speeded up.

1803 - Richard Trevithick, a British inventor and mining engineer, invented Steam Locomotive.

1814 – George Stephenson constructed his first locomotive, 'Blucher', for hauling coal at Killingworth Colliery near Newcastle.

1821 – George Stephenson was engineer for the construction of Stockton and Darlington railway line.

3 Steam Ships

James Watt’s Steam Engine was used for running ships.

1807 – ‘Clermont’ was the name of first ‘Steam Ship’ invented by Robert Fulton. (American)

1818- SS Savannah was the first steam ship to cross Atlantic. It was built by America in 1818. 1^st voyage was started on 24 May 1819 and completed its journey on 20 June 1819. It took 28days to reach Liverpool from Savannah crossing Atlantic.

4 Iron and Steel Industry:

Iron and Steel were first smelt using wood coal. Henry Cort, around 1775, invented process of pudding and smelting iron and steel using colliery coal. Mining coal was a dangerous work. Suddenly the mines get flooded and hazardous gases release from the mines.

1815 - Sir Humphrey Davy invented ‘Safety Lamp’, which was safe to use in flammable atmospheres.

1856 – Henry Bessemer invented Bessemer converter. It drastically reduced the cost of steel production.

With these inventions, Iron and Steel industry started rapid progress. Many steel industries were established in England.

NEWS Facility:

1844 – Samuel Mors invented Telegraph.

1876 – Alexander Graham bell invented Telephone.

Tesla invented Radio. Marconi died in 1937. Tesla died in 1943. 6 months after the death of Tesla, US supreme court gave judgment declaring that Tesla was the actual inventor of Radio.

26 January 1926 - John Logie Baird invented mechanical Television and demonstrated in on 26 January 1926.

7 September 1927 - Philo Taylor Farnsworth successfully demonstrated first Television signal transmission with his own scanning tube.

1879 – Thomas Alva Edison invented Electric Bulb.

Such many marvelous inventions changed the course of human beings.

5 Green Revolution (Agricultural) Revolution:

As feudal system became weak farmers started getting all rights over land. Farmers started use of machines in agriculture. Time to time farmers changed crops and got high yield That is why this period had also seen Agricultural Revolution.

Conclusion:

Thus the industrial revolution which was started in England, in no time spread to Germany, America, France, Russia and other nations. First industrialized country in Europe was England and Russia was the last one.

Japan was the first Asian country to achieve industrialization.